Ch’ung

:

Loyalty to One’s Country

Hyo

:

Fealty to One’s Parents

Shim

:

Fidelity to One’s Friends

Yong

:

Courage in the face of Injustice

Im 

:

Benevolence to all.    

Won

: 

The Water Principle: To accept what is given and to use what is offered. Take the situation on its own terms and seek to use what is at hand.  

Hwa

: 

Economy of Energy Principle: Never work harder than your opponent; K.I.S.S.; Work smarter, not harder. 

Hyo 

: 

 Point-&-Circle Principle: All things are a cycle; harnessing cycles and recycling increases the chances of a good outcome. 

Kan kyok     

: 

Interval: optimal space between combatants at which to either execute offensive techniques or maintain defenses. 

( 간격 [間隔] )  also: kan hap (간합 )

Himm 

:

Power: physical energy, force, might. ( 힘 )

Jip  joong 

:

Concentration; concentrate one's attention [mind] on (one's work).

( 주의를  집중  하다 )

Sok  ryok

:

Velocity: Rate at which a specific body part, a weapon or an item moves.  ( 속력 [速力] )

Sok do

:

Speed: rate at which an individual moves their body as a unit to cover distance. (속도 [速度] )

Jan shim

:

Sustained Focus: concentration maintained after the execution of a technique where the connection to the attacker or the situation is preserved. On a physical level this suggests a readiness for further action while on an emotional and intellectual level it suggests that balance and clarity are maintained. 

{lit: “lingering mind”    잔 심  ( 残心 ) }

Peom wee

:

Sphere, or Range, of Influence: “dynamic sphere” 

{ 세력 범위 (範圍) }

Jo hwa

:

Balance: ability to execute an identified technique or action while maintaining ones’ physical relationship with the environment relates also to being able to maintain ones’ emotional and psychological relationship as well. { 조 화 }

T’aedo  

:

Bearing: demeanor or manner

{ 태 도 ( 態度 ) }

Shi Son

:

Focus of eyes; eye contact

{ 시선 ( 視線 ) } 

Cho jeom

:

Focus: point at which the maximum physical and mental energy is applied for optimal result. {초 점 }

Ch’im ch’ak  

:

Composure: self-control, self-possession; presence of mind; calmness; coolness, unflappable { 침 착 }

Haeng dong

:

Execution: action of the body and its techniques

( 행 동 )

Dan ryon 

:

Conditioning: Ability of the body to sustain performance in resistance to shock. {   단련 ( 鍛鍊 ) } 

( Lit: ~하다improve; cultivate; school; harden; steel ((one's courage)); exercise; subject to discipline.)

Bunseok

:

“analysis”; to consider the practical functions of a form 

Eung yong

:

Baekja

:

“timing”; Coordination of ones’ own motion with that of ones’ opponents in order to produce a desired effect. (柏子/백자 )

Includes: 

Pre-emptive strike:  선 제 공격;  to take the initiative in the attack. seon eui seon선의 선/

Retaliatory strike:  hu eui seon후의 선/

Acceleration

:

 thrust or snap occurring in the final moments of a technique in order to maximize effect.

Alignment

:

effort to maintain the organization of ones’ body around the centerline .

Angle of Attack

:

vector at which a weapon (strike, kick or item) approaches the centerline of the opponents’ body. 

Center of Mass 

:

point along the centerline above which increasing degrees of instability result.

Centrifugal Force 

:

spiraling force tending to cast the opponent away.

Centripetal Force 

:

spiraling force tending to draw the opponent in.

Conditioning

:

ability of the body to sustain performance in resistance to shock.

Deceleration

:

the nature of ones’ mass to absorb energy from an action or technique.

Entering the Centerline

:

to move towards the centerline of one's opponent.

Exiting the Centerline

:

to move away from the centerline of one's opponent. 

Intensity 

:

degree of increased intent to execute an action characterized by increased recruitment of muscle tissue, heart rate, and respiration.

Mass 

:

weight in relationship to stature.

Negotiation

:

relationship between training partners intended to arrive at optimum performance between them. 

Non-Alignment 

:

action intended to disrupt the opponents ability to maintain organization around his centerline.

Parry

:

to redirect the opponents’ angle of attack into another vector.

Relaxation 

:

degree of decreased intent to execute an action characterized by decreased recruitment of muscle tissue, heart rate, and respiration.

Rhythm 

:

variance in execution accounting for changes in the environment or the opponent as the action proceeds.

Shock

:

deterioration of performance in response to a specific and discrete event.

Staleness

:

deterioration of performance over time as a result of inadequate recovery time allowed among training sessions.

Tempo

:

regularity in execution independent of changes in the environment or the opponent as the action proceeds (aka: “pro-forma” execution)

Un-timing 

:

to impair, offset, or disrupt the skills of ones’ opponent to produce a well-timed effort.

Velocity 

:

rate at which a body part, a weapon or an item moves through space

Qualities

Jong Euye  

:

Justice: righteousness; a just cause

{  정 의 ( 義 ) } 

In

:

Benevolence: humanity; philanthropy; charity.

{ 인 (仁愛)}

Yae jeol 

:

Courtesy:  etiquette; decorum; propriety; politeness; civility.

{ 예 절;  예의(禮儀) }

Ji

:

Wisdom: sense. 

{ 지  (  智 )}

Yong-gi

:

Courage: courage; valor; bravery; boldness;

{ 용기 (勇氣 ) }

Shin-yo

:

Trust: confidence; reliance; faith; credence;

{ 신용 ( 信用 )} 

Seon

:

Goodness: a good deed. 

{ 선 ( 善 ) } 

Deok 

:

Virtue: moral excellence; the power of commanding love and respect.

{ 덕  ( 德 ) } 

Dong  jeong

:

Compassion: sympathy; pity. 

{ 동정 ( 同情 ) }  also: Shi  ( 시 )

Jon  jung 

:

Respect: esteem, regard; deference or Chon Kyung

{ 존중 ( 尊重 ) }

In Neh

:

Perseverance:  Endurance; Patience 

{ 인내 ( 忍耐 ) } 

Kyum Son

:

Humility: modesty 

{ 겸손 ( 謙遜 ) } 

Jeong  jik

:

Honesty: veracity;

{ 정직 ( 正直 ) } 

Pum  haeng

:

Morals: moral conduct; moral character; morals.
{ 품행 ( 品行 ) } 

Cheon  ryum 

:

Integrity

{ 청렴 ( 淸廉 ) } 

Maeum  

:

Spirit: mind; soul

{ 마 음 (mauem-ssi: “heart”) }

Also: mind; spirit;  { 정신 ( 精神 ) }   

Chung Shim

:

Faithfulness: devotion; sincerity; wholeheartedness.

{ 충심 ( 忠心 ) }  

Also: One’s true heart; one's inmost feelings[heart]. 

{ 충심 ( 衷心 ) } 

Chung Shin

:

Fidelity; loyalty; dedication.(lit: “center mind” )

{  충신  ( 忠信 ) }  

Do joo nim

:

 Keeper of the Art

Kwanjangnim

:

 Director or “mentor”

Saengsanim

:

Respectful form of "saengsa” which means “teacher” but is likewise a general term of address not unlike “mister”.

Sun bae nim

:

Senior student  

Hu bae nim

:

Junior student

Hak saeng

:

Student

Suryun saeng

:

Trainee

Cho Bo Ja

:

Beginner

Keup 

:

Rank or grade {급 ( 級 ) } 

Dan  

:

Degree  { 단  ( 段 ) }   

Jonglee

: 

Line up (also "ji hap" and "jung yul")

Anj uh mook sang

:

Sit for Meditation   앉어묵상

Elosoh

: 

Stand

Geuk gi hyang ha yoh

: 

Face the flag

Jwa woo hyang woo

: 

Face each other

Sah bum nim keh

: 

Face instructor/master

Sun bae nim keh

: 

Face senior student

Simsa kwan nim keh

: 

Face examiner/tester

Cha ryuht

: 

Attention

Kyung rye

:

Bow   경례

Kook gi e dae ha yu gyung rye

:

Bow to the Flag   국기에대하여경례

Kwan Jang Nim Kay Kyung Yet

:

Bow to the Mentor

Sa Bum Nim Gge Gyung Rye

:

Bow to Instructor   사범님께경례

Kyo Sah Nim Kay Kyung Yet

:

Bow to Instructor

Sun Beh Nim Kay Kyung Yet

:

Bow to Senior member

Joon bi 

: 

Ready   준비

Joon Bi Uhn Dong

:

Ready for Warmup Exercises

Bahl Cha Ki Joon Bee

:

Ready for Kick

IL Soo Sik Joon Bee

:

Ready for One Step Sparring

Sam Soo Sik Joon Bee

:

Ready for Three Step Sparring

Ho Sin Sul Joon Bee

:

Ready for Self-defense

Si Jak

: 

Begin   시작

Jin Kun

:

Advance   진전

Dorah

: 

Turn   

Dwi uro dorah 

: 

about face; turn around    뒤로돌아

Tashi

:

Again  다시

Bahl bah kwah

: 

switch your stance (lit: switch your feet)   발바꿔

Ku ryung e mat cho so

:

By the Count

Ku ryung up shi

:

Without Count (lit: “in your own time”) 

Kalyeo

:

Break (or stop)

Kye Sok

: 

Continue   계속

Kyo dae

:

Change / Rotate with partner

Gomahn

: 

Stop (also "mum cho")   그만

Chung gee

:

Stop

Bah ro

: 

Return to starting position

Dobok dahnjung

: 

Fix your uniform

Dhee dahnjung

: 

Fix your belt

Shiuh

: 

Relax

Ahnjoe

: 

Sit

Kool o angi

: 

Kneel (kneeling)

Bah ro angi

: 

Sit in lotus position (yoga posture)

Hai sahn

: 

Class dismissed (also "hae cho")

Kam Sa Hap Ni Da

: 

Thank You    감사합니다

Ch'un Man E Yo 

:

You're Welcome    천만에요

1

:

hanah

2

:

dool

3

:

set

4

:

net

5

:

dasot

6

:

yasot

7

:

ilgop

8

:

yadol

9

:

ahop

10

:

yool

1

:

il

2

:

ee

3

:

sahm

4

:

sah

5

:

oh

6

:

ryook

7

:

chil

8

:

pal

9

:

koo

10

:

ship

oo

:

right (also "oh-ruen")

joa

:

left (also "wen")

ahp

:

front

ahn

:

inner

bahkat

:

outer

bahndae

:

reverse

dwi

:

back

ahnuro

:

inward

bahkuro

:

outward

whee

:

high (up)

whee uro

:

upward

guande

:

middle

ulgool

:

high section (also "sahngdahn")

momtong

:

middle section (also "chungdahn")

ahrae

:

low section (also "hahdahn")

ahn eso phaku ro

:

inside/outside

phakeso ahn uro

:

outside/inside

yup

:

side

dwi ro

:

look back

dara

:

turn

dollyo 

:

turning (or with back leg/hand)

Mom 

: 

Body   (몸)

Kwanjeol 

: 

Joint 

Ul-goo l

: 

Face (& head)   (얼굴)

Mo-ri 

: 

Head   (머리)

Ima

:

Forehead  (이마)

Kwan Cha Nul Ee

:

Temple

Noon 

: 

Eye   (눈)

Gu i

: 

Ear   (귀)

Ko 

: 

Nose   (코 )

In joong

: 

Philtrum 

Eep

: 

Mouth 

T’uk

: 

Chin; jaw  (턱)

Mok Goo Mung

: 

Throat   (목구멍)

Mok 

: 

Neck   (목 )

U Ggae

: 

Shoulder   (어깨 )

Ka-seum

:

Chest   (가슴)

Hagi  chi

: 

Solar  plexus

Pah l

: 

Arm   (팔)

Pahl-kup 

: 

Elbow   (팔굽)

Pahl-mok

: 

Forearm   (팔목)

Ahn  pahlmahk 

: 

Inner  side of forearm

Bahkat  pahlmahk

: 

Outer  side of forearm

Meet  pahlmahk

: 

Palm  side of forearm

Wi  pahlmahk

: 

Back  side of forearm

Deung pahlmahk

: 

Back  of forearm

Son-mok

: 

Wrist   (손목)

Son 

: 

Hand  (손)

Sahnkal 

: 

Outside  edge of hand (hagiand)

Sahnka l deung

: 

Inside edge of hand (ridgehand)

Sahn  deung

: 

Back  hand

Joomok 

: 

Fist 

Sahnkahrak

: 

Finger 

Sahnkeut 

: 

Fingertip

Teung

:

Back   (등)

Momtong

: 

Trunk  (middle section)

Huri

: 

Waist 

Dan Jon

:

Abdomen   (단 전)

Ahrae

: 

Lower  body (low section)

Nang Sim

: 

Groin   (낭심)

Ko Hwan

:

Groin

Ung Dung I

:

Hip  (엉덩)

DaRi

: 

Leg   (다리)

Nup Juk DaRi

:

Thigh ( 넓적다리 )

Moo-reup 

: 

Knee   (무릎 )

Jung kang yi

: 

Shin   (정강이 )

Bahl mahk

: 

Ankle   (발목)

Bahl

: 

Foot (or feet)   (발)

Bahldung

: 

Instep 

Bahlbong oh ri

: 

Arch  of foot

Bahl nahl

: 

Outside  edge of foot

Chook Do

:

Edge of Foot

An bahl nahl

: 

Inside  edge of foot

Bahl badak

: 

Sole  of foot

Ahp chook

: 

Ball  of foot

Ahp Kup

:

Ball of Foot

Dwi  koomchi

: 

Heel 

Dwi Kup

:

Heel of Foot

Dwi  chook

: 

Bottom  of heel

Bahl-keut

:

Toes   ( 발 끝)

mom omgigi

:

movement of the body

mahki

:

block

chagi

:

kick

chirugi

:

thrust (or punch)

chigi

:

strike (with the hand)

jeek gi

:

strike (with the foot)

bahk gi

:

strike (with the head)

sahn ki sool

:

hand technique

bahl ki sool

:

foot technique

kyorugi

:

sparring

bituro

:

twisting

gamya

:

stepping (also "omkyuh didigi")

kuht neun

:

walking

uro

:

moving in a particular direction (e.g. "ahp uro gamya" - stepping forward)

bang hyang bakoogi

:

changing direction

bitkyuh surgi

:

escaping

tdwim yu

:

jumping

dora

:

to turn

dolmyo

:

spinning

mee keul myu

:

sliding (also "mee kul gi")

jupgi

:

holding/grabbing

donzigi

:

throwing

goorugi

:

rolling/tumbling

pyihagi

:

dodging

hecho

:

spreading

moyo

:

gathering

bojoo

:

covering

jajun

use of footwork to dodge a technique

nachugi

body evasion by "ducking"

sahnkal

:

knifehand

sahnkal jecho

:

knifehand with palm up

sahnkal deung

:

ridgehand (also "oppun sahnkal")

sahn bahtong

:

palm heel (also "bahtong sahn")

sahn deung

:

back hand (also "deung sahn")

ah keum sahn

:

arc hand

galkwi sahn

:

ripping (or raking) hand

jipke sahn

:

pincers hand

joomok

:

fist

deung joomuk

:

back fist

me joomuk

:

hammer-fist

inju joomuk

:

forefinger one-knuckle fist

bamchu joomuk

:

middle-finger one-knuckle fist

doo bam joomuk

:

two-knuckle fist

pyun joomuk

:

flat (or open) fist

omji joomuk

:

thumb-knuckle fist

kwan soo

:

spearhand (also "pyun sahnkeut")

sahnkeut

:

spearfinger

gawi sahnkeut

:

scissors-shaped spearfingers

bahro chirugi

:

straight (return) punch

bahndae chirugi

:

reverse punch

gullgi chirugi

:

hook punch

yung seuk chirugi

:

combination (consecutive) punch

doo bun chirugi

:

double punch

sae bun chirugi

:

triple punch

sahnkeut chirugi

:

spearfinger thrust

sewo chirugi

:

vertical punch

gotjang chirugi

:

vertical fist punch

dolrya chirugi

:

round punch

dwijubo chirugi

:

upset punch

soteum chirugi

:

spring punch

nehryuh chirugi

:

downward punch

chi chirugi

:

uppercut punch

jae chuh chirugi

:

upper punch (also "jae chin chirugi")

doo joomuk chirugi

:

Double-fist punch

dikootja chirugi

:

`U' (or `C') shaped punch (hi-lo)

sosum chirugi

:

double uppercut punch

keumgang chirugi

:

diamond-shaped punch

nalgeh chirugi

wing-shaped punch

chun joe je ru ki

center knuckle punch

su do chee ki

knife hand striking

yuk su do chee ki

inner knife hand striking

kack kwon chee ki

back fist striking

jang kwon chee ki

palm heel striking

ho ku chee ki

tiger´s mouth

kwan su jee ru ki

spear hand striking

pal duk chee ki

forearm striking

pal kun che chee ki

elbow striking

mae dup chee ki

half spear hand striking

son mok chee ki

wrist striking

gum jae mae dup

index finger striking

mae dup joop oh chee ki

knuckle punch

mang che chee ki

hammer striking

sun va duck che ki

palm hand striking

ju mok chee ki

fist striking

oh je jek ki

five finger striking

tuk chee ki

chin striking

bahkat palmahk mahki

:

outer forearm block

ahn palmahk mahki

:

inner forearm block

sahng palmahk mahki

:

twin forearm block

ahnuro mahki

:

inward block

bahkuro mahki

:

outward block

ahrae mahki

:

low block

cho kyo mahki

:

rising block

daebi mahki

:

guarding block

bituro mahki

:

twisting block

gahwi mahki

:

scissors block

keumgang mahki

:

diamond-shaped (Hercules) block

gutjha mahki

:

`9'-shaped block (cross block)

yeot pero mahki

:

`X'-shaped block (also "kyo cha mahki")

santeul mahki

:

mountain-shaped block (also "osanteul mahki")

weh santeul mahki

:

part mountain-shaped block

utgallruyuh mahki

:

cross block (also "utgiruh mahki")

hechuh mahki

:

scattered block (or wedge block)

hwang so mahki

:

ox (or "bull") block

bahtangsahn nooluh mahki

:

pressing down block

deuluh oll ryu mahki

:

upward scooping fist block

ahp chagi

:

front heel kick

yup chagi

:

side kick

dolrya chagi

:

round (roundhouse) kick

dwi chagi

:

back kick

Andare  chagi

inside kick

pak kat da re cha ki

:

outside kick

jok ki je ru ki

center toe kick

an da re met cha ki

inside low scoop kick

be kyo cha ki

slap kick

jok do met cha dol re ki

low curve kick

de kum chi cha na re ki

heel down kick

de kum chi met cha dol re ki

low circle heel kick

jok do aup cha al re ki

knife edge front kick

jok do cha na re ki

knife edge down kick

jok do cha nuk ki

knife edge push kick

bahndae dolrya chagi

:

reverse round kick ("hook kick" for some styles)

dwi dolrya chagi

:

back round kick ("hook kick" for some styles)

gullgi chagi

:

hook kick (also "golcho chagi" or "golro chagi")

hoohrio chagi

:

wheel kick

beet chagi

:

slant (or instep) kick

bahn dolrya chagi

:

half round kick (also "instep kick")

nehryuh jeek gi

:

ax kick; literally "downward foot strike"

hwe jun chagi

:

swing kick

mil a chagi

:

pushing kick (also "mil gi chagi")

de kum chi yup cha ki

heel down hook kick

de kum chi due cha ki

heel inside hook kick

jok ki no pe cha ki

round house kick

du kum chi no pe cha dol re ki

heel high hook kick

de kum chi cha na re ki

heel down kick

bal mak ki

cover kick

mu rup cha ki

knee kick

sohgi

:

stance

jah seh

:

posture (or stance) [used instead of "sohgi" in some styles]

ahnjun sohgi

:

sitting stance

ahp sohgi

:

front stance

ahp koo bi sohgi

:

front bent knee stance (also just "ahp koo bi")

dwi sohgi

:

back stance

dwi koo bi sohgi

:

back bent knee stance (also just "dwi koo bi")

beom sohgi

:

cat (or tiger) stance (also "goyang-i sohgi")

kuht neun sohgi

:

walking stance

juchoom sohgi

:

horseback riding stance ("kima sohgi" in some styles)

mot sohgi

:

fighting stance

kyorugi sohgi

:

sparring stance

Joon bi sohgi

:

ready stance (also "pyeonhi sohgi")

gibon sohgi

:

basic stance

guande sohgi

:

middle stance

naranhee sohgi

:

parallel stance

niun ja sohgi

:

`L'-stance

gojang sohgi

:

fixed (lower-back) stance

sa sun sohgi

:

diagonal stance

gyuttari sohgi

:

fixed balance (or bent knee) stance

koh ah sohgi

:

crossed foot stance

kyo cha sohgi

:

`X'-stance

mo ah sohgi

:

close stance

joong-rib sohgi

:

neutral stance

dong yuk sohgi

:

dynamic stance

cha yun sohgi

:

natural stance

chagi sohgi

:

kicking stance

hahktari sohgi

:

crane stance (also "ue bal sohgi")

ju mok aup ja sae

stance with fists in the front

ju mok yup ja sae

stance with fists to the side

do son mo ah ren ja sae

stance with raise hands

han son oel ren ja sae

stance with raise back hand

do son oel yo boul ren ja sae

stance with open hands

pal jang han ja sae

stance with fold arms

so do aup han ja sae

stance with knife hands

kyorugi

:

(free) sparring

han bun kyorugi

:

one step sparring

boo sang

:

injury

Sool

:

Technique

Hyung

:

Form

Beop

:

Method

dobok

uniform

dhee

belt

ha'i

training pants

hogoo

chest protector (also "bohogoo")

sahn boho jang kap

:

protective gloves

pahlmahk bohodae

:

forearm guard

jung kang yi bohodae

:

shin guard

nang shim bohodae

:

groin cup

muh ree bohodae

:

protective head gear

eep bohodae

:

mouth guard

ye

:

yes (also "ne")

anio

:

no

kahm sa hamnida

:

thank you

komap sumnida

:

less formal form of "thank you"

cheon maeneyo

:

you're welcome (literally "Don't mention it!")

cheuk ka hamnida

:

congratulations!

ahnyong hasimnika

:

How are you? (literally "Are you well?" or "Are you at peace?")

ahnyong hasayo

:

less formal form of "How are you?"

yoboseyo

:

hello (used on the phone or to get someone's attention; literally "Please look here!")

ahnyonghee gasipsiyo

:

good-bye (to the person who is leaving); literally "Go in peace!"

ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo

:

good-bye (to the person who is staying); literally "Stay in peace!"

ahnyonghee gasayo

:

less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is leaving)

ahnyonghee gyesayo

:

less formal form of "good-bye" (to the person who is staying)

pangap seumnida

:

Pleased to meet you!

toh poepkeseoyo

:

See you later!

eoseo osayo

:

Welcome!

choesong hamnida

:

I'm sorry

mian hamnida

:

less formal form of "I'm sorry!"

shillye hamnida

:

Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an impolite act)

kwaen chanayo

:

That's all right

ahlge seoyo

:

I understand

moreuge seoyo

:

I don't understand

chaemi isseoyo

:

It is fun (or interesting)!

dojang

:

place where one trains (house of discipline)

gong-kyok

:

offense

hosinsool

:

self-defense

mukyum

:

meditation

kihap

:

yell

jung shin yuk

:

mental strength, or martial art spirit (also "moodo jung shin")

jung shin dong il

:

concentration of the mind

jung shin soo yang

:

development (training) of the mind

jung do

:

the "right" way (correctness of action)

sim shin dahn ryun

:

mind and body discipline

chung myung kwon

:

development (training) of the body, mind, and spirit

chi shik

:

knowledge of mind and thoughts

heng dong

:

execution (action) of the body and its techniques

pil seung

:

certain victory

il sok pil sai

:

one strike must kill

ho hyoop

:

breathing

shim ho hyoop

:

breathing control (deep breathing)

himm

:

force or power

ki

:

life-energy

dahnjun

:

the center of your "ki"

bokboo

:

the stomach area where "ki" is generated.

choong sim

:

center of gravity

chojum

:

focus (focal point) of your energy

jeung ga

:

increase (to strengthen or augment)

kyuk pa

:

breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles)

shibum

:

demonstration (or exhibition)

pyugi

:

stretching

ye jol

:

etiquette

jon gyung

:

respect

choong sung

:

loyalty (also "eui ri")

jung jhik

:

honesty

kahjok

:

family

chung

blue

hong

red